Initial Date Of Blog Posted : 2017/11/08
Pneumonia is acute inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma (parts of lungs involved in gas transfer)
Classification Of Pneumonia
• Community acquired pneumonia is in community
• Health care : nursing home, dialysis center, chemotherapy
• Hospital :- Hospital acquired pneumonia is acquired in hospital. If 48-72 hours Pneumonia patient is admission in hospital then it’s acquired in hospital
• Post operative pneumonia
• Aspiration Pneumonia
• Bronchopneumonia ( inflammation of lungs, arising in the brochi
Clinical Features Symptoms :
• Fever
• Malaise (physical disorders)
• Anorexia (eating disorders)
• Headache
Signs :
• Fever
• Tachypnoea ( rapid breathing)
• Cyanosis
• Hypotension ( Blood Pressure Low )
• Confusion
Causes :
Bacterial
• Streptococcus Pneumonia
Viruses
• Influenza
• Para Influenza
• Measles
Risk Factors
• Smoking
• Alcoholism
• Asthma
• Liver Disease
Investigation
(A) Chest X-ray
Finding :-
• Consolidation
• Pleural Effusion ( Water on the lungs)
• Lobar or multi Lobar infiltration
(B) Blood Test
•Full blood count
•Urea, electrolyte, creatine
•Liver Function Tests
•C-reactive protein
•Blood culture and sensitivity
(C)Sputum :-
For microscopy
Figure credit : www.wikipedia.org @wikipedia
Management [ Investigation + Treatment ] :
• Oxygen Inhalation to maintain PaO2 > 8kpaAntibiotic required currently recommended in uncomplicated and sever community acquired pneumonia.
Uncomplicated
• Amoxicillin 500mg X 8hours X orally
Instead of penicillin
• Clarithromycin 500mg X 12 hours X orally
OR
• Erythromycin 500mg X 6 hours X orally
If Staphylococcus is culture or suspected
• Flucloxacillin 1-2gm 6-hourly iv. Plus
• Clarithromycin 500mg 6 hourly orally
If Mycoplasma is suspected
• Clarithromycin 500 mg 12 hourly orally or iv. Plus
• Rifampicin 600 mg 12 hourly iv in sever cases
Sever community acquired pneumonia •Clarithromycin 500 mg X 12 hourly iv or
• Erythromycin 500 mg X 6 hourly iv plus
• Co-amoxiclav 1.2gm X 8 hourly iv plus or
• Cefuroxime 1.5gm X 8 hourly iv or
• Amoxicillin 1gm 6- hourly plus
• Flucloxacillin 2gm 6 hourly iv
Streptococcus pneumoniae:Inj. Benzyl penicillin 1-2gm 6 hourlyComplications Of Pneumonia
• Para Pneumonia Effusion
• Empyema
• Lobar collapse due to retention of sputum
• Pneumothorax
• Lung abscess
• Renal Failure
• Respiratory Failure